Occupational Therapy for Vertebral Fractures
Vertebral fractures refer to breaks or cracks in the bones of the spine, known as vertebrae. The spine, also called the vertebral column, is made up of individual vertebrae stacked on top of each other. These fractures can occur due to various reasons, and they can affect different parts of the spine. Common causes of vertebral fractures include trauma, osteoporosis, tumors, and infections.
Classification
There are numerous ways of classifying Vertebral Fractures including;
Cause - e.g. traumatic or osteoporotic
Location - e.g. cervical, thoracic, lumbar or sacral.
Type - e.g. compression or burst.
Cause
Vertebral Fractures can have numerous causes such as;
Trauma - e.g. falls or motor vehicle accidents
Osteoporosis - weakening bones is a common cause of vertebral fractures
Pathological conditions - such as tumours or infections
Degenerative changes - such as Degenerative Disc Disease.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for Vertebral Fractures include age, gender, family history, history of fractures, low body weight and poor nutrition.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of a Vertebral Fracture include;
Back pain
Limited range of motion
Changes in posture
Loss of height
Neurological symptoms
Painful breathing
Occupational Therapy Specialism
Occupational Therapists who specialise in assessing and treating people who have had a Vertebral Fracture are based in a branch of Occupational Therapy called Neurorehabilitation.
Common Difficulties associated with Vertebral Fracture
Vertebral fractures can lead to various difficulties and challenges, depending on factors such as the severity of the fracture, the presence of associated symptoms, and the overall health of the individual. Common difficulties associated with vertebral fractures include:
Persistent and often chronic back pain is a common difficulty following vertebral fractures. The pain may be exacerbated by movement, certain positions, or activities.
Vertebral fractures can restrict the normal range of motion in the spine, leading to difficulties in bending, twisting, and performing daily activities.
Fractures, particularly compression fractures, can alter the alignment of the spine, resulting in changes in posture. This may include a stooped or hunched appearance.
Difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as dressing, bathing, and cooking may arise due to pain and limited mobility.
Chronic pain and physical limitations associated with vertebral fractures can contribute to psychological distress, including anxiety and depression.
Severe fractures or fractures associated with spinal cord compression can lead to neurological complications, including weakness, numbness, and difficulty with coordination.
Fractures in the thoracic region may affect respiratory function, leading to pain during breathing, coughing, or sneezing.
Chronic pain and physical limitations can affect social interactions and may lead to social isolation, as individuals may be less able to participate in social events and activities.
How can Occupational Therapy help?
Occupational therapy can play a crucial role in helping individuals recover from vertebral fractures and manage the associated difficulties. Occupational therapists are trained to assess functional limitations and design interventions to improve a person's ability to perform daily activities. Here are ways in which occupational therapy can help with vertebral fractures:
Assessment of Functional Abilities
Occupational therapists assess the individual's functional abilities, considering factors such as mobility, strength, coordination, and pain levels.
Activity Modification
Occupational therapists work with individuals to modify daily activities to reduce strain on the spine and prevent exacerbation of pain. This may involve teaching alternative techniques or suggesting assistive devices.
Pain Management Strategies
Occupational therapists can provide techniques for managing pain during daily activities. This may include positioning, relaxation techniques, and energy conservation strategies.
Joint Protection Techniques
For individuals with vertebral fractures, joint protection techniques can be taught to minimize stress on the spine during movements and activities.
Adaptive Equipment and Assistive Devices
Occupational therapists can recommend and teach the use of adaptive equipment and assistive devices to facilitate independence in daily tasks. This may include tools for dressing, grooming, and cooking.
Posture Training
Addressing changes in posture is essential after vertebral fractures. Occupational therapists can provide guidance on maintaining proper posture and body mechanics to reduce strain on the spine.
Home Safety Modifications
Occupational therapists assess the home environment and recommend modifications to enhance safety and reduce the risk of falls or further injuries. This may include changes to furniture arrangement, lighting improvements, and installation of assistive devices.
Education and Self-Management
Providing education about the condition, the importance of adherence to treatment plans, and strategies for self-management empowers individuals to take an active role in their recovery.
Functional Training
Occupational therapists design personalized exercise programs to improve strength, flexibility, and endurance, addressing specific functional limitations resulting from vertebral fractures.
Psychosocial Support
Coping with the impact of vertebral fractures on daily life and emotional well-being is essential. Occupational therapists provide psychosocial support and coping strategies to help individuals navigate challenges and maintain a positive outlook.
Workplace Modifications
For those returning to work, occupational therapists can assess the workplace environment and recommend modifications to accommodate the individual's needs and ensure a safe and productive return to work.
Collaboration with Other Healthcare Professionals
Occupational therapists collaborate with other members of the healthcare team, such as physical therapists, physicians, and rehabilitation specialists, to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach to care.